Muhammad (PBUH)
Hazrat Muhammadﷺ
Who?
Muhammad was born around 570, AD in Mecca (Saudi Arabia). His father (Hazrat Abdullah) died before he was born and he was raised first by his grandfather ( Abd al-Muttalib, عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب,) was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation, and then his uncle Abu Talib. He belonged to a poor but respectable family of the Quraysh tribe. The family was active in Meccan politics and trade. Muhammad (PBUH) was the prophet and founder of Islam. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. At age 40, he began to have revelations from Allah that became the basis for the Quran and the foundation of Islam. By 630 AD, he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion.
The name Muhammad means "praiseworthy" and appears four times in the Quran. The name of chapter Surah 47 of the Quran is "Muhammad". The name Abu al-Qasim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hashim, begins with the kunya Abu, which corresponds to the English, father of.
The Quran also refers to Muhammad as Ahmad "more praiseworthy" (Arabic: أحمد). The penultimate prophet in Islam, Isa ibn Maryam also refers Muhammad as Ahmad in the Sura As-Saff
Muhammad is also referred to as Hamid, or "Praiser (of Allah)" (Arabic: حامد), and as Mahmud, or "Most Highly Praised" (Arabic: محمود).
How?
- The Prophet, أَلْنَّبِيّ, al-Nabi), also, the Prophet of Prophets.
- Messenger of God, ( رسول الله, RasulAllah)
- The Beloved ( الحَبِيبُ, al-Ḥabib) or
- The Beloved of God ( حَبِيبُ اللهِ, Ḥabib Allah)
- The Chosen or The Appointed ( المُصْطَفَى, al-Muṣṭafa)
- The Genuine, The Trustworthy, or The Faithful ( الأَمِينُ, al-Amin)
- The Honest, The Righteous, or The Truthful ( الصِّدِّيقُ, al-Ṣiddiq)
- Kind, Compassionate, or Affectionate ( رَءُوف, Rauf)
- Model (of Conduct, Merit, or Virtue) ( أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَة, Uswatun Ḥasanah)
- The Perfect ( أَلْكَامِل, al-Kamil)
- The Best of Mankind ( خَيْرُ البَشَرِ, Khayr al-Bashar)
- Mercy to the Worlds ( الرَّحْمَةُ لِلْعَالَمِينَ, al-Raḥmah lil-ʿĀlamīn)
- al-Mubashir, The Bearer of Good Tidings
- an-Nadhir, The Warner [31]
- al-Mudhakkir, The Reminder
- ad-Dā‘ī, The One Who Calls (unto God)
- al-Bashir, The Announcer [34]
- an-Nūr, The Light Personified
- al-Misbah, The Lamp/ Lantern (lit. Bringer of Light – Dawn ) – i.e. as-Siraaj al-Muneer, The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent
- as-Siraaj, The Lamp/ Lantern – i.e. as-Siraaj al-Muneer, The Lamp of Illuminated, Ever-glowing, Ever-Enlightening, Incandescent
- Ni‘mat-Ullah, The Divine Favour
- al-Ummiyy, The Unlettered and Illiterate , i.e. An-Nabiyyu l-Ummiyy, The Prophet who is Unlettered and Illiterate
- al-'Aqib, The Last (Prophet)
- al-Mutawakkil, The One who Puts his Trust (in God)
- Qutham, Of Perfect Character. Gifted With Every Merit.
- al-Mahi, The Remover (of Disbelief)
- al-Hanif, The One of Primordial Religion
- Nâbîyyu at-Tawbah, The Prophet of Penitence
- al-Muazzaz, The Strengthened One, the One Made Invulnerable
- al-Muwaqqar, Held in Awe
- al-Fatih, The Opener
- al-Hashir, The Gatherer (First to be Resurrected) on the Day of Judgement
- al-Shafii, The Intercessor
- Kareem, Noble and Generous ( كريمٍ)
- Shahid/Shahed ( شَاهِدًا), A Witness
- al-Mushaffa`, The One Whose Intercession Shall be Granted
- al-Mujtaba, The Chosen ( اَلْـمُـجْـتَـبَى)
- AbdAllah, Servant of Allah
- Akhir, 'The Final, that is, the final prophet, Last Messenger
On one of his pilgrimages in 610, he was meditating in a cave on Mount Jabal aI-Nour. The Angel Gabriel appeared and relayed the word of God: “Recite in the name of your Lord Who creates, creates man from a clot! Recite for your lord is most generous….” These words became the opening verses of sūrah (chapter) 96 of the Qur'an. Most Islamic historians believe Muhammad was initially disturbed by the revelations and that he didn’t reveal them publicly for several years. However, Shi’a tradition states he welcomed the message from the Angel Gabriel and was deeply inspired to share his experience with other potential believers.
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What?
Increasingly, the resistance to Muhammed and his followers grew and they were eventually forced to emigrate from Mecca to Medina, a city 260 miles to the north in 622. This event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. There Muhammad was instrumental in bringing an end to a civil war raging amongst several of the city’s tribes. Muhammad settled in Medina, building his Muslim community and gradually gathering acceptance and more followers.
Between 624 and 628, the Muslims were involved in a series of battles for their survival. In the final major confrontation, The Battle of the Trench and Siege of Medina, Muhammad and his followers prevailed and a treaty was signed. The treaty was broken by the Meccan allies a year later. By now, Muhammad had plenty of forces and the balance of power had shifted away from the Meccan leaders to him. In 630, the Muslim army marched into Mecca, taking the city with minimum casualties. Muhammad gave amnesty to many Meccan leaders who opposed him and pardoned many others. Most of the Meccan population converted to Islam. Muhammad and his followers then proceeded to destroy all of the statues of pagan gods in and around the Kaaba.
The Death of Muhammad
After the conflict with Mecca was finally settled, Muhammad took his first true Islamic pilgrimage to that city, and in March, 632, he delivered his last sermon at Mount Arafat. Upon his return to Medina to his wife’s home, he fell ill for several days. He died on June 8, 632, at the age of 62, and was buried at al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) one of the first mosques built by Muhammad in Medina.
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